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INVENTOR Z99 Jouu Cinema BY Hm TTORNEY .l. C. ENBERG.'

CALCULATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED mega. m4.

1,341,049. Patented May25, 1920.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. v

JOHN CHRISTER ENBERG, OF SKKBSATRA, SWEDEN.

CALGULATING-MACHIN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 25, 1920.

Application filed August-20, 1914. Serial No. 857,702. I

resident of VillaOnskebo, Skarsatra, in the Kingdom of Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Calculating-Machines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

Calculating machines are already known which are specially designed for easy carrying out of multiplication and division, on which multiplication and division as well as addition and subtraction can be performed with them merely by one movement of a handle or lever for each digit in the multiplier or divisor. The work is extremely simple in these machines.

A machine of this kind is known as the millionaire, and is described in the United States Patent No. 538710 to Otto Steiger. This machine, however, which otherwise fulfils-the highest requirements, has the disadvantage of being too large to be placed upon an ordinary writing table, of being noisy in use, and of-complication and waste of time in setting up or registering the numbars in the machine as well as in changing from one method'of calculation to another.

All calculating processes can be reduced to. elementary operations of addition or subtraction, and in all machines except the.

above-named millionaire, the numbers used in carrying out these elementary operations are the ordinary digits 1-9, whereas in the million iremachine use is made of an artifice first made known in Na iers bones (see Cantor, Geschz'chte derathematilc Vol..II, page 723 according to which all the products of the digits 1-9 are divided into tens and units (for example 3x922 tens+7 units).

Thus the millionaire machine comprises a series of calculating elements corresponding to the products 181 expressed in the terms .just stated, so that it may be said that y a series of multiplication tables are By means of I this great number of stored up terms the advantage is gained that a multiplication can be brought about by a simple process of addition of partial products, or, in other words, that only one revolution of the crank is required in multiplying by' any of the digits, two revolutions when multiplying with a number consisting of two digits, and so on. It is to machines of this kind capable of performing addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. that the present invention relates.

According to the present invention, the calculators (the operative members of which are gear teeth or the like) are associated in pairs, one calculator of a pair having teeth" representing the tens digit and the other having teeth representing the units digit, of a partial product, (l81) and the number and direction of operation (positive or negative) of the teeth being such that when the units digit of a partial product exceeds five, the number of the tens teeth is one in excess of the tens digit of the product while the units teeth are of opposite (negative) operation and complementary in number to the units digit in question, whereas when the unit digit of a partial product is five or less both tens and units teeth of'a corresponding pair of calculators are equivalent in numbersto the digits of the product and operate in the same direction (positively) 'in the ordinary way.

The positive and negative operations of the teeth can'be obtained by using oblique teeth of two opposite inclinations so that gears operated by the calculators will be turned in one direction by positively inclined teeth and in the other by negatively inclined teeth, assuming of course that the movement of the calculators is similar in the two cases.

This arrangement leadsto-increased simplicity in the machine according to the invention. In the example given above, viz, 3 9z2 tens+7 units, the work in the known machine is performed by 2+7z9 teeth or like working members on the calculators. In the present machine-the change is made that the product is stated in figures which occasion less work in the machine, viz. 3 9=3 tens-3 units, so that the work in the machine is performed by 3+3z6 teeth (instead of 9 working members in the previous case) and not only can the work in the machine be reduced, but also the space occupied by the calculators which store up the products is considerably lessened, which contributes to make the machine relatively small and considerably smaller than the millionaire machine, from the actual construction of which moreover the present machine entirely difli'ers.

' In general, the machine according to the present invention, while possessing the advantages of the millionaire machine, is at the same time free from the disadvantages of the latter, being so small that it can with out inconvenience be stood on a writing table, working comparatively quietly, having a simple arrangementfor setting up or registeringthe numbers in the machine, and rendering the work of multiplication and division still simpler than with the millionaire, whereby calculations can be made with remarkable rapidity and ease.

In machines which perform multiplication by repeated addition, it has been proposed, in multiplying for example by 17, to multiply the multiplicand first by twenty, then by three, the complement of the units digit of the multiplier, and to subtract the latter from the former product, the machine being adapted to operate automatically according to this general principle, but in these machines all calculations are performed by the digits themselves whereas in the machine according to the present invention all calculations, even additions and subtractions, are performedwith the aid of the simplified system of partial products according to Napier as outlined above.

Following is given a reconstructed multiplication table which is the basis of the presentmachine construction, and in which tens are denoted by Roman figures and the units by Arabic.

In the above table 56 is for constructional reasons expressed by V+6 instead of VI- l, there being insufiicient room for six teeth at the place where this calculator is situated, while six teeth can readil be placed on the corresponding unit calcu ator.

According to one form of the present invention, the calculators embodying the 81 different partial products are built up into a cylinder or drum, the circumference of which is formed of segment-shaped calculators. The calculator element may however have other forms, for which reason the invention comprises any calculatin mechanism in which the cooperating ca culators can in positive calculation carry out either two positive operations or a positive and a negative operation for forming a product, when the unit figure exceeds 5.

The invention also .comprises a number ofdetail constructions, the nature of which will be clear from the following description of the apparatus in its entirety.

A calculating machine according to the present invention is illustrated on the accompanying drawings, wherein when a series of similar mechanisms occur some are omitted so that the'parts lying behind or under them may be visible, as are also various parts, such as gears and shafts for the sake of clearness.

Figures 1 and 1 are front elevations of the machine, parts of the casing being omitted in order to show the parts behind.

Fig. 2 shows an end elevation of the machine, seen fromthe left side in Fig. 1, the

side frame of the machine and some other Fig 4.

ig. 6 shows a calculating ring of modified construction.

Fig. 7 shows a development of a calculating ring.

ig. 8 shows a detail indicating the sition of the quotient registering-whee s in relation to the adjacent parts.

Figs. 9-11 show cam and .groove disks which serve to perform certain movements in the different parts of the machine during the course of calculating operations, Fig. 9 showing such a disk with the grooves and tracks formed in it, Fig. 9 a section through a disk, Fig. 10 a vertical section through the disks fixed on one end of the drum shafts, and Fig. 11 one of these disks.

Figs. 12 and 12 show brake-wheels for shafts journaled .in the machine.

Figs. 13 and 13 show details of the result and quotient registering-wheels.

Figs. 1417 show in different positions details of the arrangement for transfer or carrying.

Figs. 18 and 19 show in two different positions figure-sectors on which the numbers recorded or set up on the key-board can be read off.

Figs. 2028 show details in the printing mechanism of the calculating machine.

' Figs. 29 and 30 show in two different positions the keys by which the numbers are set up.

Fig. 31 shows a section along the line 31-31 in Fig. 30, seen from above.

Fig. 32 shows a detail of the arrangement for indicating the sign for the kind of calculation for which the machine is set. v

Fig. 33 shows type-wheels and other details of the printing mechanism.

Fig. 33 is a plan view of mechanism shown in Fig. 33.

Figs. 3437 show details ofthe key arrangement for setting up the figures in multiplication.

Figs. 38-39 show'a modification of the carrying device of the carriage.

Fig. 40 shows a transverse section through the carriage.

Fig. 41 is a longitudinalsection through the end part of a cylinder of the carriage.

Fig. 42 shows in detail an arrangement for imparting motion to said-cylinder.

Fig. 43 is an approximate plan partly in section showing the relation between the registering wheels and the transmitting wheels.

Figs. 44' and 44* show side elevations partly in section of details of a part of the carrying mechanism.

Figs. 45 and 46 are transverse sectional views showing two different positions of other carrying mechanism elements.

Fig. 47 is an edge view of a (115k for controlling alinement of type.

This machine consistsv of seven principal parts, namely:

(1) Recording mechanism. (2) Calculating mechanism. (3) The carriage. j (4) Mechanism for performing movement of and in the carriage.

and a top, a casing 2, and a base plate 3, by

which the mechanism is supported.

(1) Rnconnme MECHANISM.

The recording or setting up of a number in the machine takes place by pressing down the numeral keys 4 (F igs. '1, 2, 29 and 30),. The keys are, as shown in Fig. 1, arranged in rows, the keys in every other row being, in order to save space, displaced laterally by half the distance between the keys in each row. Each key consists, as shown by Figs. 29 and 30, of an erect arm 5 on the upper end of which there is a button marked with a figure. The arms 5 are rotatably mounted on shafts 6 fixed in the frame and are pro vided with pins 7, which at their free ends support metal cheeks 8 which can pivot on the pins. The cheeks 8 are connected with each other by means of plates 9, in which are formed oblique grooves 10, with which the lower ends of the arms 5 engage. Thus if a key is pressed down, it turns the shaft 6, the upper part of thearm 5 meanwhile moving backward (Fig. 1) along a groove 11 provided in the casing. and the lower end of the arm 5 turning the cheeks 8 and the transverse plate 9 to one side or the other. depending on the direction in which the groove 10 runs. The lower ends of the cheeks 8 are fork-shaped and embrace the registering wheels 12, which can move longitudinally but not rotate on shafts 13 rotatably mounted in the frame. Thus, when the keys are operated upon and the cheeks 8 are thereby shifted laterally in the manner described above, the registeringwheels 19 are brought into gear with transmittingwheels 14, which are more fully described below.

The arms 5 are provided with heels 15, which extend backward and sidewise (Fig. 29). In two adjacent rows of keys these projections stand out at opposite sides "(inward) from the two rows, so that they lie in a straight line running between the two rows of keys, as seen in Fig. 29. Between every adjacent pair of rows of keys is placed a steel spring or the like 16. which passes over theshafts 6 and under the heels 15. as seen in Fig. 30. It is fixed at its ends and is just long enough to allow only one key at a time in each double row to be pressed down. When a key is pressed down the heel 15 of the same is lowered .and presses down the spring 16, so that the latter is fully extended and the heels of the other keys pressed upward causing these keys to stand erect as shown in Fig. 30. The object of this is thus to prevent more than one key at a time from being pushed back, and thus more than one registering-wheel 12 from being in gear with a transmitting-wheel 14. \Vhen a key is moved backward and downward, a detent 17 on the upper part of the key-arm engages a spring catch 18, fastened to the casing, so that the key is held down in its rearmost position. lVhen another key in the same double row is afterward actuated, its heel 15 presses down the spring 16, causing such a tension therein that the key previously actuated is released from the catch 18 by the pressure of the spring 16 on its heel 15, and returns to its original position.

On each of the shafts 13 there is an octagonal brake-disk 19 (Fig. 12) en aging with spring 20fixed in the frame. The springs 20 tend to engage fiat portions of the disks as shown in the figure, and if, when the shafts stop, the disk is in some other position, it is thus compelled by the spring to continue, till the same, and shaft 13 with it, occupy a position such that the spring lies along a flat of the disk. When the brakedisks and also the shafts 13 occupy these positions, the wheels 12 occupy such positions that the teeth thereon, when the wheels are pushed to one side, can freely engage the teeth of the-transmitting-wheels 14.

On one side of each transmitting-wheel there are four registering-wheels 12 and on the other side five (Fig. 43). There are no corresponding registering-wheels for the zero-keys since the transmitting-wheels will not be operated upon when registering a cipher. The zero-keys only serve, when a cipher is registered, to bring a depressed key in the same row back to its original 'position, in order that the registering-wheel belonging to it may be disengaged from the corresponding transmitting-wheel.

Associated with each group of registeringwheels placed on each side of the transmitting-wheels are two register-sectors 21 and 22 (Figs. 2, 18, 19, the position of a pair of sectors is also indicated on Fig. 2) which are rotatably mounted on a stationary shaft 23 in the frame. One sector is intended for even and the other for odd figures, and each sector is connected with a cylindrical part 24. around which passes a band suitably of steel, which serves for turning the sector in question. Pins project from the cylinders and fit into holes provided in the bands, so that these may not slip.

On the curved side the sectors are provided with figures. Thus in Figs. 18, 19 the upper, left sector 21 is provided with the figures O, 2, 4, 6, 8 and is operated by the band 25, which is placed over the even numbered keys. The lower right sector 22 is marked with the figures 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and is connected with the band 25 which is laid over the odd keys. The bands are inserted between projections 26 on the keys, and on the bands catches 27 (Figs. 2 and 30) are provided which are acted upon by the projections 26 on the keys when the latter are moved backward, whereby the band is also drawn back a little and the sectors 21 and 22 respectively turned till the figure corresponding to the actuated key is brought forward opposite a viewing opening 28 (Figs. 1 and 2) in the casing. The catches 27 on the bands are located in such a manner that they are brought forward just so far that, when the different keys are pushed back.- ward, the number corresponding to the key comes opposite the opening 28. For this purpose the catch 27, which corresponds to the key 1, is placed a short distance from said keys position of rest, so that when the key is pushed back it first moves a short way in the opening 11 before it comes into contact with the corresponding catch 27, as seen on the right side of Fig. 2, since it only needs a slight turn of the sector to expose the figure 1. The uppermost catch 27 (farthest to the left in Fig. 2), is, on the contrary, in contact with the key in its position of rest, since it must drive the band 25 so far forward as to turn the sector 22 sufficiently to expose the figure 9 at the opening 28. By this arrangement the number can be read off in the openings 28 which has been registered in the machine by pressing certain keys backward, and it can be ascertained whether the required number has been correctly registered. This registering mechanism does not form a part of the present invention.

(2) THE CALCULATING MncIIANIsM.

'Ihe calculating mechanism, which in simple positive or negative calculation in certain cases performs positive, or positive and negative, in certain cases negative movements, consists as shown on the drawings, of a cylinder C (Fig. 2) having two end plates 29 and 30, nine calculating-rings 31 and also eight distance pieces 32. ring 31 (Fig. 3) comprises twenty sections, so-called calculators Nine pairs of calculators '1". e. 18 calculators, correspond to the digits 1-9 and one pair, 2'- e. 2 calculators, correspond to naught. these calculators being not provided with any teeth but are plain. Such a calculator is shown separately in Figs. 4; and 5, and consists of two plates, between the upper part of which is inserted a sector 35, the outer edge of which carries oblique teeth 36 (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) varying in number between 5 and 1 (except that for constructional reasons one calculator is provided with 7 and four with 6 Each calculatingteeth). Some of the calculators also have no teeth as is more particularly described hereinafter. Between the plates 34 there is arranged at about the middle a pin 37 which passes through the plates and is riveted to them, which pin supports a roller 38. At the lower end of the calculator there is also a similar pin 39 which supports a roller 40. Twenty such calculators are connected so as to form oner'ing as'shown in Fig. 3.

'A band 41, suitably of steel, passes over the rollers-38, the length of which is made such that two diametrically opposed calculators can at the same time be radially protruded to a small extent by the arms 53 described below, the rollers 38 pushing the steel band outward so that two diametrically opposite bulges 42 arise therein (Fig. 3). Nine such calculating-rings 31 one for each digit 1-9 are assembled so as to form the calculating cylinder C (Fig. 2), distance pieces 32 being arranged between the adjacent calculatingrings separating, in order to space the'same, the whole being mounted between the end plates 29, 30. The whole is held together partly by means of thick rods 43 and partly by thinner rods 44. The rods 43 are riveted to the distance pieces 32 and are also riveted or held fast by nuts on the end plates. At two diametrically opposed points the steel spring 41 is fastened to the rods 43 by means of pins 45 (Fig.

On the end plate 30 is arranged a separate distance piece 46 and a calculating-ring 47, the latterbeing shown separately in Fig. 6. This calculating-ring resembles the calculating-rings 31, although of less diameter.

As seen, the rods 44 fit into this ring, though they are not of round cross-section here but of such section that they fill the spaces between the calculators. 'Other connection rods 48, the diameter of which must be adapted to the distance between the uniformly broad inner shanks of the calculators, are provided as shown in Fig. 6. In the calculating-ring 47 the calculators, the oblique teeth and other parts are indicated by the same references as in the rings 31. The calculating-ring 47 is also shown developed in Fig. 7. v

Through the calculating-cylinder C run two shafts 49 and 50, of which the last named is tubular and surrounds the shaft 49 (Figs. 2, 3, 9, 10) ball-bearings are arranged between the shafts. The shaft 50 is connected, by means of keys '51, with sleeves 52, from each of which an arm 53 projects.

Such an arm with two diametrically opposed shanks is situated within each calculating-ring and is of such length that its ends. pressing against the rollers 40, can

cause tw'o diametrically opposite calculators to protrude from the cylinder. In order to distribute the work in the machine the arms should be suitably placed in relation to one another as indicated by Fig. 3 and also marked by thicker step-like lines in Fig. 7. To each of the ten simple multipliers 0-9 belong firstly a series of nine calculators for the tens and secondly a series of calculators for the units. Thus, by turning the cylinder in relation to the arms 53, when these are at rest, it can be adjusted so that the diametrically opposed calculators which belong to a certain factor or one-figured multiplier. are pressed out at the same time by the arms \Vhen multiplication by 4 is to be performed for example, the calculating-cylinder is turned in relation to the arms 53 standing still on this occasion in such manner that all the pairs of calculators corresponding to the multiplier 4 are protruded by said arms.

In Fig. 3 are shown a. part of the front calculating-ring in section, and also a section through the shafts 49 and 50, and the arms 53 in elevation in the position they occupy in the calculating-cylinder. In Fig. 3 only four arms are visible, which is due to the fact that the second arm lies just behind the first, the fourth and fifth directly behind the third, the seventh and ninth directly behind the sixth, while the eighth (the left in Fig. 3) is alone; in the part of the calculating-ring corresponding to the tens, however, the ninth arm lies behind the eighth, and then a catch projects from the third, sixth and eighth calculating-rings.

In the ring 47 (Fig. 6) is placed an arm 54 which differs from the arms 53 inasmuch as it only pushes out one calculator. The

shaft 50 is square at the place where it goes through the arm 54, and the hole in the arm is so large that a space 55 is left which allows the arm 54 to be displaced on the shaft 50, so that either one end or the other of the arm can be made to push out a calcu lator. The transferring of the arm 54 from one position to the other is performed by means of a pin 56 projecting from one of its shanks, and which fits into a groove 57 in a disk 133 (Fig. 11) on the shaft 49. The groove 57 has the form of a spiral-shaped curve, so that one of its ends (the upper in Fig. 11) lies nearer the center than the other. Thus when the disk 133 is turned so that the pin 56 is brought over to the oppo- .56 is, drawn toward the center and by this means the arm 54 is made to move outward 'ing to the position of the oblique teeth 36 on subtraction by turning the crank in the contrar direction, the arrangement serves to per orm, in spite of the altered direction of rotation, continual transference of the number of operations with the calculating-ring 47 to the quotient registering-wheels.

The shaft 49 is "ournaled in the frameparts 59 and 60. n the end of said shaft which is turned toward the frame-part 59,

a toothed wheel 61 is arranged, and on the shaft 50 a toothed wheel 62, and in addition a toothed wheel 63 is fixed to the cylinder C. These toothed wheels 61, 62, 63 are respectively in gear with toothed wheels 64, 6') and 66 of which the toothed wheel 64 is arranged on a shaft 67 which at its opposite end is fixed to the crank handle 70 (Fig. 1, left side, and Fig. 2). The toothed wheel 65 is arranged on a tubular shaft 68 (Figs.

.2 and 34) which surround the shaft 67, and which, at-fits opposite end, supports the change-oyer device 71 (Figs. 37, 35) for the arms 53, 54 (Figs. 3 and 6). The toothed wheel 66 is arranged on a tubular shaft 69, which incloses the-shaft 68 (Fig. 37) and which at its other end supports thechangeover arrangement 72 (Figs. 2 and 34) for the calculating-cylinder. All these shafts run On'baII-bearings Rotation of the calculating-cylinder is brought about by turning the crank 70. The teeth of the protruded calculators, will then operate toothed wheels 74 (Fig. 1), which are fixed on the same shafts 13 as the registering-wheels 12. As two opposite calculators in each calculating-ring are always forced out by the arms 53, (one of said calculators being adapted for calculating the tens and the other for calculating the units of a partial product) all wheels 74 and at the same time all the shafts 13, are set in motion in one direction or the other, accordthe protruded calculators. At the same time, however, only the shafts 13 whose corresponding keys have been actuated to bring the registering-wheels 12 into gear with the corresponding transmitting-wheels 14, will drive the wheels 14, and thereby transmit the calculating movements through the calculating mechanism.

The calculating-ring47 serves, as indicated'above to register the number of operations when adding and subtracting, the multiplier figures when multiplying, and the quotient when dividing. On adjusting the cylinder Cfor multiplication by a certain the contrary the factor the ring 47 is at the same time automatically adjusted so as to protrude the calculator corresponding to said factor. If for example the cylinder C is adjusted for multiplication by 7, the 7 calculator in ring 47 is also protruded. The calculator forced out in the above ring 47 cooperates with a toothed wheel 75, the teeth of which consist of pins provided with round heads (called pin-wheels) on a shaft 76 (Fi s. 1 and 8). On the opposite end of this shaft is arranged atoothed wheel 77 (Figs. 1 and 8). Right in front of shaft 76 there is another shaft 94 supporting eight toothed-wheels '79 each of which is provided with the figures 0-9 (Fig. Each of these toothed-wheels 79 by a displacement of the carriage described later, can be brought into gear with the toothed wheel 77 on shaft 76. The wheels 79, as shown in Fig. 8, are provided with sleeves the figures being written on the circumference of said sleeves. It is on these wheels 79 that the number of operations, multiplicator and quotient can be read; they are called the quotlent registering-wheels.

As the oblique teeth on the calculators in the calculating-ring 47, as shown by Fig. 7, are placed so that with numbers between 5 and 9 the toothed wheels and 77 and also the quotient registering-wheels 79 (Fig. 8), when the partial multiplier or quotient is greater than 5, go the shortest way, i. e. backward, and as in this manner the figure 9 by a step backward is brought up on the quotient registering-wheels in question, wrong numbers would be indicated if in this case carrying took place. For this reason means are provided for disengaging the carrying mechanism, which is effected in the illustrated construction of the. machine by turning a shaft 80 (Figs. 1, 1 and 13) a quar ter'of a revolution, so that a projection 81 on this shaft assumes its uppermost position as shown in Fig. 13. Transfer does not then take place.

If on the contrary the shaft 80 is turned so that the pro'ections 81 oecup the position shown on ig. 13 by dotted lines, the carrying willbe performed by the mechanism providedfor the purpose. The latter comprises a triangular spring 82 fixed to each wheel 79 at the point of which s ring there is a pin 83 so positioned that, w en a wheel 79 revolves it normall does not touch the neighboring'wheel 79 ig. 44). If on projection 81 is brought down (full position, Figs. 13 and 44), then, when the spring 82 passes the said projection during the revolution, this spring is laterally deflected (left side, Fig. 1) so that the pin 83 is held in engagement'with the next wheel 79 to the left till the spring 82 has passed the projection 81, wherebythe said next wheel of higher order is moved for one tooth, to effect the transfer. As soon as the spring 82 has passed the projection 81, it again moves out of engagement with the above-mentioned wheel 79.

In the calculating machines used up to the present it is customary for each quotient registeringwheel to be marked with the figures 09-1. This arrangement is certainly simple but is attended with the inconvenience that in continued addition, after having completed nine additions, the figure 8 in the quotient register-ing-wheels is brought up-instead of 10, figure 7 instead of 11 and so on. Thus one cannot directly read off the number of additions when they exceed nine. However, as it is often of importance, for example in election counting, to count the number of additions (number of voters) the quotient registering-wheels 79 in this machine are, as stated, marked with the figures O-9, and provided with the abovedescribed carrying mechanism, so that in continued addition the number of additions can be read off at anytime. This makes the machine articularly suitable for counting election results, particularly in proportional voting systems.

As indicated above the number of operations in repeated additions or subtractions continued in one direction, or in mixed. additions and subtractions, can be continually registered on the quotient registeringwheels 79 by adjustment of the arm 54, on account of the pin 56 fixed on the latter being putinto engagement with the groove 57 in the plate 133 (Fig. 11).

(3) THE CARRIAGE.

The carriage comprises a part normally stationary when calculating and a part movable when calculating. The stationary part consists of a bar 84 (Figs. 5, 40 and 41) which can be moved in a groove in the base plate 3 of the machine. A standard 85' (Fig. 1*) is fastened to the right end of this bar, and supports one end of a square hollow shaft 86. It. is of course not necessary that the shafts should be square, they can also be round. Inside this shaft is arranged another square movable shaft 87, the free end of which is supported by a second standard 88 fastened to the left side of the base plate 3. Thus the shafts 86 and 87 together form a telescopic shaft, which, always before a calculating operation begins, is extended by drawing the bar 84 with the right bearing 85 and the shaft 86 to the right. The carriage is then kept in this drawn out position during the calculating. At the left side, Fig. 1. the inner shaft 87 supportsone of the sides 89' of the carriage. The other side 89 which is bent inwardly at its lower end'in order to allow room for the standard 85, supports the outer shafts 86.

The sides of the carriage are held together by a. number of transverse shafts,

90, 91, 92, 93, 94 and 80 of which 90, 91 and 92 are riveted to the sides, and 93, 94 and 80 journaled therein. The side plates are also held together by two bars 95 and 96 (Fig. 40), the purpose of which is indicated in the following. These side plates and shafts with the wheels supported by them make up the movable part of the carriage.

On the shaft 93 are fixed sixteen rotatable figure-wheels 97 at the same distance from each other, and called result registeringwheels in the following, since the result of calculations is indicated on them. In the closed position of the carriage shown in Figs. 1 and 1 (which it occupies only whenriage is fully drawn out, which is alwaysthe case when calculating, the eight left hand result registering-wheels lie in contact with transmitting-wheels 14, and be tween these two outer positions any other 8 result registering-wheels can, during the movement of the carriage, be successively brought into contact with the transmitting wheels. The upper portion of the movable part of the carriage (Fig. 40) can be tilted a little outward (to the right in Fig. 40) around the shaft 86, 87, so that the result registering wheels 97 and the quotient registering wheels 79 on said movable part are brought out of gear with the transmitting wheels 14 and the toothed wheels 77 respectively on thestill standing part of the machine. The purpose of this tilting of the carriage and the manner in which it is carried out are more fully described in the following.

The result registering-wheels 97 are, similar to the quotient registering-wheels 79, furnished with a part 98, provided with a sleeve projecting from the wheel proper and on whose outer edge the figures 0-9, 09 are marked (Fig. 13). In order that the wheels 97 may always be arrested in such a position that their teeth can be freely engaged with the teeth of the transmitting-wheels, they are provided with a brake arrangement which consists of internal wave-like projections 99 on the sleeve 98, and which, according to the drawin meet at the middle. of each tooth. A we ge-pointed pin 100 having its shank passing through the shaft 93 and acted uponby a spring, cooperates with the projections 99 and when the movement ofthe wheel is stopped engages a depression between the wavelike parts. If the wheels have stopped in a wrong position the point of the pin 100 under the infiuence of the spring, enters one of the above-mentioned depressions whereby the wheel is always brought to a correct position.

On the shaft 86, 87 is fixed a cylinder 101, which serves to perform the above-mentioned movement of the carriage in the manner stated below. The cylinder spoken of (Figs. 1, 1 40, 41) consist of a brass tube which is provided with two end walls. In theleft end wall Fig. 1, a hole is made, into which the inner shaft 87 fits, and in the right end wall there is a hole into which the outer shaft 86 fits. The holes are, so adapted that the cylinder 101 can easily be displaced longitudinally on the shaft 86, 87 when the carriage is in motion. Between the bearing 88 and the carriage wall 89" there is a roller 102 attached to the shaft 87 and one end of a steel-band, chain,' or the like 102 is fastened to said roller. The other end of this bandis fastened to a sector'103 (Figs 41 and 42) which can turn on a shaft 104. The turning of this sector is brought about'b a cam-disk 132 fixed on the cylinder sha t 49 and which actuates a'roller 105 on an arm 106 projecting from the sector 103, to bring the arm 106 and with it the sector 103 periodically into the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 42, the steel-band 102 being unrolled so that the shaft 86, 87 and at the same time thecylinder 101 rotate, the cylinder 101-turning through exactly one revolution. 'When the downward movement of the cam disk'132 on the roller 105 has ceased,the latter and also the. sector 103 and the cylinder 101 are brought back to their original position by means of a spiral spring 107 (Figs. 1, 2 and 41) fixed to the sides 89 of the carriage at one end and to the cylinder 101 at the other.

Carrying mechanism.

The surface of the cylinder 101 is pro-v derand has the same pitch as'the dis-- tance between two transmitting-wheels, 14, and lying in planes normal to the axis of the cylinder. The cylinderalso has fifteen circular grooves 109 (Figs. 1, 1", 11) placed at equal distances from one'another. Each of these rooves 109 has a bulge 110 (Figs. 1 and 1 and those bulges are so' placed with relation to each" other that they lie along a helical line on the surface of the cylinder 101. The grooves 109 are deeper than, the helical grooves 108; On the surfaceof the cylinder 101 there are also fifteen projections 111 (Figs. =2'and 40) placed along a helical line parallel'to the helical line which passes through'the bulges 110.

In the circular grooves 109 are inserted the ends of a series of levers 112 (Figs; 1, 1" and 40) 'pivotally mounted on the cover plate 113 of the carriage. The other ends of these levers engage rooves 114 (Fi 15) provided in toothe sectors 115 fix-e on therstationary shaft 92, of which'toothed sectors there is one for each result registeringwheel, with the exception of that'situated farthest to the right-in" Fig. 1. An arm 116 projects downward from each sector, 115. Immediately to the side of the sectors 115 are wheels 117 fixed" on the same shaft 92,

which can turn about 1/6 revolution in either direction on the shaft 92. The/wheel 117 is kept in its extreme positions by the aid of springs 118 (Figs. 16, 17) which press their ends provided with pins 120 into shallow holes 119 in the shaft 92, in order to make the sha'fts'and, consequently, the sectors 115' occupy proper positions for meshing with the .wheels 97. A feather 121 projects (to the left of Fig. 16) from the wheels 117 and extends into a groove in the sectors 115,'so that'these sectors are connected with the wheels 117, and can thus turn about 1/6 revolution around the shaft 92, and'in addition are displaced along the latter, when they are guided by the feathers 121. This displacement takes place through the influence of the levers 112, at the instant when their lower ends enter the bulges 110 of the grooves 109,,which causes the levers to pivot so that their upper ends along with thesectors 115, are shifted to theleft (Fig. 1) when the sectors are brou ht for a moment into gear with the next higher order result registering-wheel 97 to the left, which is gurnedforward one step to effect the trans- This carrying is brought into use when the result. registering wheels are turned through more than 9 teeth or steps in the same direction, which can occur, if, for instance, a wheel in a previous calculating operation has been turned forward 6 teeth and the wheel is afterward turned four teeth more. Two springs 123 provided with hooks 122 project from each wheel 117 and two diametrically'placed pins 124 and 125 (Figs. 17*and 40) project from the result registering-wheels 97. When, in positive calculating, the pins on the wheels 97 have turned 9/20 of a revolution (the wheels 97,, Figs. 2 and 40, then rotate clockwise) and have reachedthe hooks 122, one pin 125 slips over the inclined back of the hook, the spring yieldingoutward, while the other in 1 24, on the contrary meets the flat underside of the hook '122and carries the hook with it slightly, whereby the-wheel 117 and also the'sector 115 are turned clockwise by one step,-'and the arm 116 (Fig; 40) brought to the left, Fig. 45. The sector remains in this position until a carrying operation is to take place, after which it is pushed under the next result registering-wheel 97 to the left by the lever 112 belonging to it, such levers being guided on this occasion by the curve 110 oncydinders 101.

Directly under the sectors 115 partly toothed sectors 126 and 127 (Figs. 10, 15 and 1(5) are journaled on the stationary shafts 90 and 91, and are kept by a spring 128 in the normal position shown on the drawing. Each of these sectors is provided at the top with an arm 129 and 130, and one sector 127 is provided with a spring 131. hen, during the rotation of the cylinder 101, the corresponding projection 111 on said cylinder encounters the spring 131 (Fig. 16) the sector 12? and also the sector 1% in gear therewith, are revolved so that the arms 129 and 130 of these sectors approach each other and actuate the arm 116 (Fig. 16) whether the latter, in positive carrying,

is in-its left extreme position, or in negative carrying in its right extreme position, thus bringing the said arm back to normal position (shown in Fig. 40). The sector 115, which is at this moment in gear with the result registering-wheel normally situated to theleft of it, now makes this wheel turn one step, so as to show 1, and at the same time the carrying is performed. The same course is afterward performed successively on account of the curves 110 lying along a spiral line on the cylinder 101 repeated with all the other sectors 120 and 127, the arms 129 and 130 of which are thus moved toward each other twice during each revolution of the crank whether their sector 115 is brought over to one side or remains in its normal position, that is to say, whether the carrying with the respective sectors 115 takes place or not.

Instead of the carrying mechanism shown in Figs. 14-17 one can also use the modified construction of the same, which is illustrated in Figs. 38 and 39. In the last mentioned construction the wheels 117 and appertaining springs 123 are omitted and replaced by toothed wheels 333 keyed on a shaft 331, the pins 124 and 125 (Fig. 40) being also replaced by two diametrically opposed teeth located on the result registering-wheels 97 (only one tooth being shown in Fig. 38). These teeth gear with the Wheels 333, when the result registeringwheels pass from 9 to 0, thereby turning the wheels 333 for the distance of one tooth in one direction or the other, depending on whether the carrying is to be performed in a positive or negative direction. The wheel 333 gears with teeth provided on the sectors 115, which are, thus, also turned for the distance of one tooth, so that the arms 116 will also be turned, as described above in connection with Figs. 14-17 and 45, in one direction or the other. When afterward the sector 115 is displaced to the left by the arm 112 and is brought into gear with the teeth on the next result registering-wheel 97, the sector is brought out of gear with the wheel 333 so that, when the arms 129 and 130 are moved toward each other (same position as in Fig. 45) for turning the sector back to its nori'nal position (same position as in Fig. 10), the said result registeringwheel is turned for the distance of one tooth without acting upon the toothed wheel 333. On returning the sector 115 to its original position it is immediately again thrown into gear with the wheel 333. In order that the wheels 333 may always be held in proper position with relation to the teeth of the sectors 115 and to the teeth 332 011 the wheels 97 they are suitably acted upon by springs 3-13 (to be indicated in Fig. attached to stationary parts of the machine and engaging with their free ends between the teeth of said wheels.

(1) 'lni: Mnoruxisw ron BRINGING ABOUT Movnnnx'r or AND IN THE CARRIAGE.

The movement of the carriage serves to move the quotient and result registeringwheels, the former in relation to the tooth wheel 77 and the latter in relation to the transmitting wheels 11. so that the calculation of the tens, which is carried out during the first half revolution of the calculatingcylinder C, will be executed by a wheel to the left (Fig. 1). of the units. which are calculated during the second half revolution of the calculating cylinder.

By turning the calculating-cylinder C by means of the crank 70, the shafts 50 and 19 running through the cylinder, and also the groove and cam elements supported by them are turned. On the end (the right Fig. 2) of the shaft 50 (see Figs. 9, 10, 11) is fastened a groove and a cam disk 132, while two cam disks 133 and 131' and also a coverplate 135 which is immovably fastened on the disk 131 are placed on the end of the shaft -19 projecting from the shaft 50. These disks are used to transfer movement to the cylinder 101 belonging to the car riage, and which has partly a rotating and partly a linear movement.

(a) .l/eclumz'mn for imparting rotary movemeat #0 the C'j/ZliII-(idl 101.

As stated above the cylinder 101 belonging to the carriage is at times made to revolve in order to bring about displacement of the movable part of the carriage. It has also been indicated that the said rotation is brought about by means of a sector 103 in the manner that a cam disk operates a roller 105 placed on an arm 10G projecting from the sector 103.

This cam disk is the disk 132 on the shaft 50. As shown in Fig. 9, this disk is pro- 

